Mittwoch, 30. Oktober 2013
Cotton
Most of the cotton grown in India is genetically modified BT-cotton. It had been developed in order to reduce lepidopteran pests, mainly the bollworms. Yet, the BT protein does not protect the crops from other pests, so that still many insecticides have to be applied. In addition to that, BT-cotton is always also hybrid-cotton. This causes a great reliance of farmers on Monsanto and co. for the seeds. Even non GM-cotton varieties are often hybrids, so that the farmers cannot recover seeds for sowing in the following year.
bioRe®, the enterprise for the production of organic cotton aims at strengthening farmers' families by means of organic farming and thus creating a better livelihood. Organic farming is expected to be not only environmentally friendly, but also fair and socially responsible. bioRe® extends advisory services to all its farmers. bioRe® also engages a lot into research with the aim of gaining scientific knowledge on organic agriculture in order to better advise farmers and extension staff, and in order to explore agricultural innovation to further increase productivity of organic farming systems.
And here is where my work comes in. The research that I will conduct during my internship is part of the PTD, the participatory technology development. This means that investigation reveals the needs of farmers and then trials are set up in order to test different possibilties to encounter these needs. Next to an on-station trial, there are also on-farm trials as a validation under farmer's conditions. Workshops with the farmers are then organised where they are asked about their opinion, how they evaluate the trials and what they could imagine to apply in practice.
My focus will be on suitable pest management strategies in organic farming. The very precise question that I will try to answer is yet to be defined. There is now a trial on different spraying intervals and different organic pesticides still going on which Claudia, a student from HAFL, had set up. I am taking over these trials now and will continue to collect data, do pest observations and the sprayings. In addition to that, I will do a profound research on the options for pest monitoring, e.g. with sticky traps or pheromone traps.
A first impression of the trial fields at the research site
an open cotton-fruit:
Gossypium hirsutum variety: The hirsutum-cotton varieties can be recognized by their leaves which are mostly only 3-lobed and larger. The flowers are pointing upwards and their fibres are longer, which makes it possible to obtain a thin thread. Gossypium hirsutum is originally from tropical America.
Gossypium arboreum variety: The arboreum-varieties usually have 5-lobed and smaller leaves. They grow higher and their flowers are hanging downwards (not clearly visible here). Their fibre is shorter which means that more fibre is needed to obtain a thread which won't tear apart, it gets thicker. Gossypium arboreum is native to India (tropical Asia).
Montag, 28. Oktober 2013
Arrival in India
Namaste! Welcome to India, madam!
This is what I hear from everywhere since my arrival...At first, I was in the safe "cocoon" of airports, taxis and the fancy Ibis Airport Hotel in Mumbai where I stayed for one night.
The next day I had to take another plane to Indore. One exciting moment during travel was the evacuation excercise at the Mumbai Airport. We all had to leave the domestic gate, they delivered drinking water and chairs and we sat under beautiful trees full of huge "bats"... I think it must have been flying foxes or fruit bats, no one could tell me exactly...
Only on that second day, when I got off the plane in Indore, it felt like diving into it all: into the colours, odours, tastes, into the heat and the horning of the cars and trucks...simply into the chaos! Into incredible India! I've let it all pass by, since the guy who picked me up form the Indore-Airport couldn't speak any English. He just held the sign in his hands "bioRe India Ltd." and we both understood we've found the person we were looking for... I followed him and two other guys followed us. I sat in the front and the two guys behind. We drove through Indore and picked up another guy who jumped in at the back. We stopped once more and the driver tried hard to pronounce something in English. Finally I understood he said "one purchase, madam". One of the guys at the back hopped off and came back with a bottle of water for me. And then we left Indore...
I looked out the front window and absorbed everything, dusk came and soon everything was dark...The guys exchanged a lot of news, it seemed. They gossiped like I would have only imagined women could ;). Only rarely they said some words to me. After two hours we stopped at a "roadhouse" so they could pee and have a chai. The driver showed me to the back of the building and it was the first time I had to use my hindi skills to find out which were the girls'-toilets. I was very happy to find myself remembering at least these basics... There were several squating toilets, I went into one and found I couldn't close the door, since the lock did not fit at all. I inspected two or three but soon decided not to pee...it was not urgent and the smell of urine was to obtrusive, there were no flushes, I had no paper... ok, let's not go into any further details.
The driver offered me something to eat and I declined, since I didn't want to strain my digestion too much just in the beginning.
But I realised these offers were his efforts to make me feel comfortable and I was very grateful for it. He said it would be another 30min until we'd arrive at bioRe. We continued on the dark roads, horning at every motorbike, bicycle or person walking or sitting along the steet, doing scary overtakes and avoiding run over, dead dogs...
When we finally arrived at bioRe at around 20:30, I was shown to my room with a torch. I could not see much from the campus, but I noticed that the paths and borders were all very neat and tidy. Then I got to meet Claudia, the student form HAFL who's research work I am going to continue. Also Monika Messmer from the FiBL was there for a short visit in India. We sat together and talked and discussed what will need to be done in the next few days. At the Garden Kitchen the cook warmed up some dinner for us and I really savoured it, I was hungry from the long journey.
The next day I was all mesmerized by the sunlight, the fresh green and the beauty of all the flowers. Here you see the building where I'm staying:
And here's a glimpse into my room. I will share it with Seraina.
The chipmunks are all around the place:
This is what I hear from everywhere since my arrival...At first, I was in the safe "cocoon" of airports, taxis and the fancy Ibis Airport Hotel in Mumbai where I stayed for one night.
The next day I had to take another plane to Indore. One exciting moment during travel was the evacuation excercise at the Mumbai Airport. We all had to leave the domestic gate, they delivered drinking water and chairs and we sat under beautiful trees full of huge "bats"... I think it must have been flying foxes or fruit bats, no one could tell me exactly...
Only on that second day, when I got off the plane in Indore, it felt like diving into it all: into the colours, odours, tastes, into the heat and the horning of the cars and trucks...simply into the chaos! Into incredible India! I've let it all pass by, since the guy who picked me up form the Indore-Airport couldn't speak any English. He just held the sign in his hands "bioRe India Ltd." and we both understood we've found the person we were looking for... I followed him and two other guys followed us. I sat in the front and the two guys behind. We drove through Indore and picked up another guy who jumped in at the back. We stopped once more and the driver tried hard to pronounce something in English. Finally I understood he said "one purchase, madam". One of the guys at the back hopped off and came back with a bottle of water for me. And then we left Indore...
I looked out the front window and absorbed everything, dusk came and soon everything was dark...The guys exchanged a lot of news, it seemed. They gossiped like I would have only imagined women could ;). Only rarely they said some words to me. After two hours we stopped at a "roadhouse" so they could pee and have a chai. The driver showed me to the back of the building and it was the first time I had to use my hindi skills to find out which were the girls'-toilets. I was very happy to find myself remembering at least these basics... There were several squating toilets, I went into one and found I couldn't close the door, since the lock did not fit at all. I inspected two or three but soon decided not to pee...it was not urgent and the smell of urine was to obtrusive, there were no flushes, I had no paper... ok, let's not go into any further details.
The driver offered me something to eat and I declined, since I didn't want to strain my digestion too much just in the beginning.
But I realised these offers were his efforts to make me feel comfortable and I was very grateful for it. He said it would be another 30min until we'd arrive at bioRe. We continued on the dark roads, horning at every motorbike, bicycle or person walking or sitting along the steet, doing scary overtakes and avoiding run over, dead dogs...
When we finally arrived at bioRe at around 20:30, I was shown to my room with a torch. I could not see much from the campus, but I noticed that the paths and borders were all very neat and tidy. Then I got to meet Claudia, the student form HAFL who's research work I am going to continue. Also Monika Messmer from the FiBL was there for a short visit in India. We sat together and talked and discussed what will need to be done in the next few days. At the Garden Kitchen the cook warmed up some dinner for us and I really savoured it, I was hungry from the long journey.
The next day I was all mesmerized by the sunlight, the fresh green and the beauty of all the flowers. Here you see the building where I'm staying:
And here's a glimpse into my room. I will share it with Seraina.
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